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  "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh.jsonld",
  "@type": "schema:Dataset",
  "name": "Atlas Commons research objects — banking & mortgage lending for Ohio",
  "description": "Ohio's banking and mortgage-lending from FDIC BankFind + FFIEC HMDA, with each figure's status labeled: the FDIC institution counts, HMDA origination volumes, and HMDA-published demographic denial rates are measured facts; the computed ratios — the RAW Black/White denial disparity and the mean loan size — are in-house calculations, and the disparity is NOT risk-adjusted and NOT a finding of discrimination (its falsifier says so plainly); the boundary note is context. The raw disparity is labeled computed, never an official fact — that distinction is the whole point of this surface. Source: FDIC BankFind + FFIEC HMDA. CC0.",
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  "about": {
    "@type": "schema:Place",
    "name": "Ohio",
    "identifier": "OH"
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/fdic-lenders",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "1,009 FDIC-insured institutions (157 active) are recorded in Ohio",
      "text": "FDIC BankFind records 1,009 FDIC-insured institutions historically associated with Ohio, of which 157 are currently active. A re-tally of FDIC records.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "FDIC BankFind",
        "sourceUrl": "https://banks.data.fdic.gov/",
        "value": "1,009 total / 157 active",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "FDIC BankFind",
          "url": "https://banks.data.fdic.gov/"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from FDIC BankFind; superseded when FDIC BankFind publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/bank-class-distribution",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "FDIC institution counts by bank class in Ohio: N 273, NM 241, SL 228, SM 147, SB 84, SI 32, NC 3, NS 1",
      "text": "Counts of institutions by FDIC bank class: N 273, NM 241, SL 228, SM 147, SB 84, SI 32, NC 3, NS 1. A count per FDIC-defined class.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "FDIC BankFind",
        "sourceUrl": "https://banks.data.fdic.gov/",
        "value": "N 273, NM 241, SL 228, SM 147, SB 84, SI 32, NC 3, NS 1",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "FDIC BankFind",
          "url": "https://banks.data.fdic.gov/"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from FDIC BankFind; superseded when FDIC BankFind publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/mortgage-originations",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "246,113 mortgages totaling $53.8B were originated in Ohio (2024, HMDA)",
      "text": "HMDA records 246,113 originated mortgages totaling $53,759,385,000 in Ohio for 2024. A re-tally of reported loan originations.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH",
        "value": "246,113 loans / $53.8B",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)",
          "url": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from FFIEC HMDA (2024); superseded when FFIEC HMDA (2024) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/denial-rates",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "HMDA mortgage denial rate in Ohio (2024) is 24.42% (White 22.39%, Black 37.32%)",
      "text": "The HMDA-reported mortgage application denial rate for Ohio in 2024 is 24.42%, by applicant race: White 22.39%, Black 37.32%. FFIEC publishes these demographic denial rates from reported loan records.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH",
        "value": "24.42% overall; White 22.39%, Black 37.32%",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)",
          "url": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from FFIEC HMDA (2024); superseded when FFIEC HMDA (2024) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/black-white-denial-disparity",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Black applicants were denied mortgages 1.67× as often as White applicants in Ohio (2024) — a raw derived ratio",
      "text": "Dividing the Black denial rate (37.32%) by the White denial rate (22.39%) gives a raw disparity of 1.667× in Ohio for 2024. This is a RAW ratio of two published rates — it is NOT risk-adjusted for income, credit history, loan-to-value, or property, and FFIEC does not publish it as a finding.",
      "claimType": "derived_measure",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": false,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": false,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "DerivedMeasure",
        "source": "Finance Atlas — derived disparity ratio (Black denial rate ÷ White denial rate, both HMDA)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH",
        "value": "1.67× (raw, not risk-adjusted)",
        "adjudicator": null
      },
      "falsifier": "occurred=FALSE (a constructed ratio, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's calculation, NOT an FFIEC/CFPB finding of discrimination). Reproduce: 37.32% ÷ 22.39% = 1.667×. CRUCIAL SCOPE: a raw denial-rate gap is NOT evidence of illegal discrimination — it does not control for income, credit, LTV, or loan type; a fair-lending conclusion requires a controlled analysis this ratio does not perform."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/avg-loan-size",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Average originated mortgage size in Ohio (2024) is $218,434 — a computed mean",
      "text": "Dividing total origination volume by the originated count yields a mean loan size of $218,434 in Ohio for 2024. A computed mean, not a published HMDA figure.",
      "claimType": "derived_measure",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": false,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": false,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "DerivedMeasure",
        "source": "Finance Atlas — derived mean (origination volume ÷ originated count, HMDA)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/data/2024?category=states&items=OH",
        "value": "$218,434 mean loan size",
        "adjudicator": null
      },
      "falsifier": "occurred=FALSE (a calculation, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (a transparent in-house formula, not an authority's verdict — no external adjudicator). Reproduce it from its named inputs; falsified if the formula or inputs are wrong. Lower warrant than the adjudged figures above."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/finance/states/oh/boundary",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "What these finance figures are — and are NOT — for Ohio (the epistemic boundary)",
      "text": "The figures above describe FDIC-insured institutions and HMDA-reported mortgage lending for Ohio. They are NOT a verdict on any lender, NOT evidence of illegal discrimination (the denial disparity is a raw, unadjusted ratio), and NOT advice on your own loan. If you believe you faced lending discrimination, file with the CFPB (consumerfinance.gov/complaint) or find a HUD-approved counselor; for the underlying records, use the FFIEC HMDA data browser and FDIC BankFind.",
      "claimType": "interpretation",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": false,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": false,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "Interpretation",
        "source": "Finance Atlas framing (over the FDIC/HMDA facts above)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://finance-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/",
        "value": "lending statistics, not a lender verdict / proof of discrimination / loan advice",
        "adjudicator": null
      },
      "falsifier": "occurred=FALSE (a framing, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's reading, not an FFIEC/FDIC verdict) — the LOWEST-warrant claim here. The figures above are FDIC/HMDA records plus two disclosed derived ratios; the four-status labels each, and this is the only interpretation."
    }
  ],
  "hasPart": [
    {
      "@type": "schema:ItemList",
      "name": "Ohio — every banking & mortgage-lending figure (typed)",
      "numberOfItems": 9,
      "itemListElement": [
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 1,
          "item": {
            "figure": "FDIC-insured institutions (total, historical)",
            "value": 1009,
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FDIC BankFind"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 2,
          "item": {
            "figure": "FDIC-insured institutions (active)",
            "value": 157,
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FDIC BankFind"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 3,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Mortgages originated",
            "value": 246113,
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 4,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Mortgage origination volume (USD)",
            "value": 53759385000,
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 5,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Mortgage denial rate (overall)",
            "value": "24.42%",
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 6,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Mortgage denial rate (White applicants)",
            "value": "22.39%",
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 7,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Mortgage denial rate (Black applicants)",
            "value": "37.32%",
            "warrant": "RECORDED",
            "source": "FFIEC HMDA (2024)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 8,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Black/White denial disparity (raw, not risk-adjusted)",
            "value": "1.67×",
            "warrant": "DERIVED",
            "source": "Finance Atlas — Black denial rate ÷ White denial rate (HMDA)"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 9,
          "item": {
            "figure": "Average originated mortgage size (USD, computed mean)",
            "value": 218434,
            "warrant": "DERIVED",
            "source": "Finance Atlas — origination volume ÷ originated count (HMDA)"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "schema:ItemList",
      "name": "Ohio — FDIC institutions by bank class (RECORDED)",
      "numberOfItems": 8,
      "itemListElement": [
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 1,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "N",
            "institutions": 273
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 2,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "NM",
            "institutions": 241
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 3,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "SL",
            "institutions": 228
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 4,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "SM",
            "institutions": 147
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 5,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "SB",
            "institutions": 84
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 6,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "SI",
            "institutions": 32
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 7,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "NC",
            "institutions": 3
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 8,
          "item": {
            "bank_class": "NS",
            "institutions": 1
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}